collar
ES [koˈʎaɾ] · Spanish for “necklace” · same word as English collar, same neck underneath
A dog on a beach near Cádiz slipped its collar and the owner shouted something I only half caught. I understood the word on the spot and still had it wrong, because what came to mind was a shirt collar, which is not an item dogs are known for.
Spanish collar is the band round the animal, and in a jeweller’s window it is the necklace. The single place it will not go is a shirt. Mine was the only collar in that conversation.
Latin collum was the neck and a collare was whatever you wore on it. Both languages took that word and then kept different pieces of it. Spanish collar covers the necklace and the band round an animal, while the shirt part went to cuello, which doubles as the plain word for neck. English collar held on to the shirt and the dog and handed necklaces to a word of their own. So the two agree about the dog and part company everywhere else. Czech cannot join in at all. It splits the same job three ways, with límec on the shirt, obojek on the dog and náhrdelník round a person.